Background. Nowadays, atmospheric pollutants, ultraviolet rays, and other factors cause the imbalance of cell redox, resulting in skin oxidative damage. There is an interaction between inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which often involve networks of reactions and serve to amplify each other. Quercetin and quercitrin, with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, were widely applied in cardiovascular disease, osteoporsis, pulmonary disease, etc. However, the regulation mechanism...
Up to one-third of fertile-age women with severe endometriosis suffer from colonic involvement. Transvaginal ultrasonography has become a first-line diagnostic tool for the study of the pelvis and more specifically for the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis. Accuracy of pelvic ultrasound for deep endometriosis increases with operator experience, but the difficulties in the differential diagnosis with diseases that can afflict the bowel tract remain a challenge. We reviewed noteworthy cases referred...
Accumulating statistics have shown that liver cancer causes the second highest mortality rate of cancer-related deaths worldwide, of which 80% is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given the underlying molecular mechanism of HCC pathology is not fully understood yet, identification of reliable predictive biomarkers is more applicable to improve patients’ outcomes. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the grouped data from 1557 samples in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) came from...
Aims. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of calcium-dependent zinc-containing proteinases acting both physiologically and in pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 of unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) in correlation with the oral health in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) children. Methods. The study population comprised 34 JIA patients and 34 age- and sex-matched controls (C). They...
The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the gastric emptying time of a rice-based meal by serial ultrasonography of the stomach. After baseline ultrasonographic assessment of ten fasted healthy volunteers, volunteers ingested standardized 420 g, 536 kcal rice-based meal (bibimbap), and serial evaluations were performed every hour until the stomach became empty. At baseline, all the participants had an empty stomach. The average time of complete gastric emptying of the rice-based meal was...
In many countries, soil contamination and lead exposure is a persistent human and environmental health issue, while in others, it is an emerging concern. Defining the extent of lead contamination and assessing human health risk allow for efficient prevention agendas. The different types of land uses delimit the exposure frequency and hence can influence the evaluation of possible threats. In this study, human health risk assessment is performed under different land use scenarios, after determining...
Background. Ashy dermatosis (AD) and lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) are both acquired macular pigmentation of uncertain aetiology. Despite the controversy surrounding their entities, recent global consensus has concluded that they are 2 different diseases with distinct clinical presentations. Nevertheless, there are limited data on their histopathological comparisons. Objective. To evaluate the differences in histopathological findings between AD and LPP. Methods. Electronic records and photographs...
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Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 28 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0192-5A new study in Cell reports a mammalian genetic screening strategy that combines CRISPR libraries with in situ sequencing to read out both complex cellular phenotypes and genetic perturbations using microscopy.
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 28 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0188-1Author Correction: Resolving genetic heterogeneity in cancer
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Abstract From infancy, we recognize that labels denote category membership and help us to identify the critical features that objects within a category share. Labels not only reflect how we categorize, but also allow us to communicate and share categories with others. Given the special status of labels as markers of category membership, do novel labels (i.e., non‐words) affect the way in which adults select dimensions for categorization in unsupervised settings? Additionally, is the purpose of this...
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Nature Cell Biology, Published online: 28 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0403-5Brumbaugh, Kim et al. generate mice with inducible H3 K-to-M mutations, which globally inhibit methylation at specific sites, and analyse specific phenotypes and changes in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional programmes.
Nature Cell Biology, Published online: 28 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0414-2Jaumouillé et al. show that a talin/vinculin-based molecular clutch mechanically couples the forces generated by Arp2/3- and Dia1-mediated actin polymerization to promote integrin-mediated phagosome formation.
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by The PLOS ONE Staff
by Marcela K. Tello-Ruiz, Cristina F. Marco, Fei-Man Hsu, Rajdeep S. Khangura, Pengfei Qiao, Sirjan Sapkota, Michelle C. Stitzer, Rachael Wasikowski, Hao Wu, Junpeng Zhan, Kapeel Chougule, Lindsay C. Barone, Cornel Ghiban, Demitri Muna, Andrew C. Olson, Liya Wang, Doreen Ware, David A. Micklos The sophistication of gene prediction algorithms and the abundance of RNA-based evidence for the maize genome may suggest that manual curation of gene models is no longer necessary. However, quality metrics...
by The PLOS ONE Staff
by Ken Nakamura, Azumi Hamasaki, Tetsuro Uchida, Kimihiro Kobayashi, Ri Sho, Cholsu Kim, Hideaki Uchino, Takao Shimanuki, Mitsuaki Sadahiro Objective Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is one of the most commonly used mechanical circulatory assist devices for high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In an effort to validate previously reported clinical outcomes, we describe the preoperative characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent prophylactic IABP in high-risk patients undergoing...
by The PLOS ONE Staff
by Zachary A. Smith, Alexander J. Barry, Monica Paliwal, Benjamin S. Hopkins, Donald Cantrell, Yasin Dhaher Methods Twenty patients with CSM and 17 controls were recruited. Clinical scores of modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) and Nurick were collected. MRI based compression grades such as cord distortion were assessed. Hand dysfunction was tested using a custom motorized apparatus. Subject’s forearm was placed in a cast and positioned such that their metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint...
by Oliver Attie, Brian Sulkow, Chong Di, Weigang Qiu The Standard Genetic Code (SGC) is robust to mutational errors such that frequently occurring mutations minimally alter the physio-chemistry of amino acids. The apparent correlation between the evolutionary distances among codons and the physio-chemical distances among their cognate amino acids suggests an early co-diversification between the codons and amino acids. Here we formulated the co-minimization of evolutionary distances between codons...
by Brian Fry, James F. Carter The carbon isotopic compositions of amino acids are increasingly measured to characterize diets and metabolic response to diets. We report a new high-resolution system to measure the stable carbon isotopic composition of carboxyl atoms within amino acids. The automated system used HPLC to separate amino acids followed by addition of ninhydrin for decarboxylation and transfer of the evolved CO2 to a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer for δ13CCARBOXYL measurement....
by Yoo-Ri Chung, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kihwang Lee, Dae Jung Kim The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce the incidence of macrovascular complications of diabetes, while their effect on diabetic retinopathy has not been clarified. We compared the effects of SGLT2is with those of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) on the risk of diabetic retinopathy and its progression in people with type 2 diabetes. We performed a retrospective cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes...
by Sébastien Soubeyrand, Paulina Lau, Victoria Peters, Ruth McPherson Inactive fusion variants of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are increasingly being used as standard methodology to study transcription regulation. Their ability to readily manipulate the native genomic loci is particularly advantageous. In this work, we serendipitously uncover the key cytokine IL6 as an off-target of the activating derivative of CRISPR (CRISPRa) while studying RP11-326A19.4, a novel long-non coding RNA (lncRNA). Increasing...
by Trista McKenzie, Henrietta Dulai, Jennet Chang Groundwater-surface water interactions drive water quality in both streams and the coastal ocean, where groundwater discharge occurs in streams as baseflow and along the coastline as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Groundwater contributions to streams and to the coastal ocean were quantified in three urban streams in Kāneʻohe Watershed, Hawaiʻi. We used radon as a groundwater tracer to show that baseflow contributions to streams ranged...
by Dayna L. Dreger, Blair N. Hooser, Angela M. Hughes, Balasubramanian Ganesan, Jonas Donner, Heidi Anderson, Lauren Holtvoigt, Kari J. Ekenstedt Direct-to-consumer canine genetic testing is becoming increasingly popular among dog owners. The data collected therein provides intriguing insight into the current status of morphological variation present within purebred populations. Mars WISDOM PANELTM data from 11,790 anonymized dogs, representing 212 breeds and 4 wild canine species, were evaluated...
by Uta Knoblauch, Gerhard Ritschel, Kerstin Weidner, Sabine Mogwitz, Christian Hannig, Gabriele Viergutz, Maria Lenk Objectives Various maternal mental disorders and socioeconomic status [SES] are discussed as risk factors for early childhood caries [ECC]. In our study, we examined a wide range of symptoms of mental disorders with the aim to identify those maternal psychopathological symptom burdens [PSBs] which show relevant associations with ECC. Our second objective was to investigate how SES...
by Michael Hirsch, Richard Wareham, Ji W. Yoon, Daniel J. Rolfe, Laura C. Zanetti-Domingues, Michael P. Hobson, Peter J. Parker, Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez, Sumeetpal S. Singh The dependence on model-fitting to evaluate particle trajectories makes it difficult for single particle tracking (SPT) to resolve the heterogeneous molecular motions typical of cells. We present here a global spatiotemporal sampler for SPT solutions using a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The sampler does not find just...
by You-Jin Choi, Hyun-Jin Kwon, Jehoon O, Tae-Hyeon Cho, Ji Yeon Won, Hun-Mu Yang, Shin Hyung Kim The paravertebral spread that occurs after erector spinae plane block may be volume-dependent. This cadaveric study was undertaken to compare the extent of paravertebral spread with erector spinae plane block using different dye volumes. After randomization, twelve erector spinae plane blocks were performed bilaterally with either 10 ml or 30 ml of dye at the level of T5 in seven unembalmed cadavers...
by Lei Hu, Yuran Dong, Shucun Sun Plant-pollinator networks have been repeatedly reported as cumulative ones that are described with >1 years observations. However, such cumulative networks are composed of pairwise interactions recorded at different periods, and thus may not be able to reflect the reality of species interactions in nature (e.g., early-flowering plants typically do not compete for shared pollinators with late-flowering plants, but they are assumed to do so in accumulated networks)....
by Sonia Mediavilla, Ignacio Martín, Josefa Babiano, Alfonso Escudero Studies on plasticity at the level of a single individual plant provide indispensable information to predict leaf responses to climate change, because they allow better identification of the environmental factors that determine differences in leaf traits in the absence of genetic differences. Most of these studies have focused on the responses of leaf traits to variations in the light environment along vertical gradients,...
by John D. Coakley, Eamon P. Breen, Ana Moreno-Olivera, Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi, Ashanty M. Melo, Brian O’Connell, Ross McManus, Derek G. Doherty, Thomas Ryan Objective The role of Th1 and Th17 lymphocyte responses in human infection and sepsis of elderly patients has yet to be clarified. Design A prospective observational study of patients with sepsis, infection only and healthy controls. Setting The acute medical wards and intensive care units in a 1000 bed university hospital. Patients 32 patients...
by Dongdong Yan, Aocheng Cao, Qiuxia Wang, Yuan Li, Ouyang Canbin, Meixia Guo, Xiaoqin Guo Root-knot nematode is an important soil pest in horticulture crops and constrains the protected cultivation development after methyl bromide (MB) was phased out in China. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) exhibits excellent efficacy against nematodes. Laboratory experiments and field trials were set up to clarify DMDS dose, efficacy, and yield. A dose-response experiment using three methods showed that DMDS presented...
by Daniel G. Datiko, Dereje Habte, Degu Jerene, Pedro Suarez Introduction Ethiopia is among the high-burden countries for tuberculosis (TB), TB/HIV, and drug-resistant TB. The aim of this nationwide study was to better understand TB-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) and generate evidence for policy and decision-making. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional TB KAP survey in seven regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia. Eighty kebeles (wards) and 40 health...
by Hongbin Gao, Jingkuan Li Coal gangue has the shortcomings of low calorific value and refractory burnout, while polyvinyl chloride has the advantages of a long combustion process and high calorific value. In order to make up for these shortcomings of coal gangue, the possibility of a treatment method based on co-combustion of coal gangue with polyvinyl chloride, which can be centrally recovered from municipal solid waste, is proposed. In order to analyze the combustion effect of a mixture...
by Vidya Balagopal, Andrew Hantel, Sabah Kadri, George Steinhardt, Chao Jie Zhen, Wenjun Kang, Pankhuri Wanjari, Lauren L. Ritterhouse, Wendy Stock, Jeremy P. Segal Improved systems for detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are urgently needed, however attempts to utilize broad-scale next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels to perform multi-gene surveillance in AML post-induction have been stymied by persistent premalignant mutation-bearing clones. We...
by Kristina Hasakova, Richard Reis, Marian Vician, Michal Zeman, Iveta Herichova Colorectal cancer represents a leading cause of cancer death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that have been extensively studied in tumours, since changes in their levels can reveal patient prognosis. Cancer progression is also influenced by the circadian system whose functioning is based on the rhythmic expression of clock genes. Therefore, we performed macroarray screening of tumour and adjacent...
by Md. Zakiul Hassan, Katharine Sturm-Ramirez, Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Kamal Hossain, Mohammad Abdul Aleem, Mejbah Uddin Bhuiyan, Md. Muzahidul Islam, Mahmudur Rahman, Emily S. Gurley With limited infection control practices in overcrowded Bangladeshi hospitals, surfaces may play an important role in the transmission of respiratory pathogens in hospital wards and pose a serious risk of infection for patients, health care workers, caregivers and visitors. In this study, we aimed to identify if...
by Paul S. Micevych, Hee Eun Lee, Amani A. Fawzi Objectives To examine the topographical correlation between ellipsoid zone loss and telangiectasia in the deep capillary plexus in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel). Methods 38 eyes (20 subjects) diagnosed with MacTel were imaged with OCTA between March 2016 and June 2019 in this single center, cross-sectional observational study. The en face OCTA and OCT were evaluated for areas of deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and ellipsoid...
by Jacopo Lenzi, Vera Maria Avaldi, Dario Molinazzi, Carlo Descovich, Stefano Urbinati, Veronica Cappelli, Maria Pia Fantini A few studies have found that patients with heart failure (HF) living in less densely populated areas have reduced use of services and poorer outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding transport accessibility measured as the actual distance between the patient’s home and the healthcare facility. The aim of this study was to investigate if different urbanisation...
by David C. Steinl, Lifen Xu, Amanda Ochoa-Espinosa, Mukesh Punjabi, Beat A. Kaufmann Background Myocarditis can lead to myocyte loss and myocardial fibrosis resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP). Currently employed methods for assessing the risk for development of DCMP are inaccurate or rely on invasive myocardial biopsies. We hypothesized that molecular imaging of tissue inflammation with contrast enhanced ultrasound during peak inflammation in myocarditis could predict development of fibrosis...
by Lucas Maahs, Bertha E. Sanchez, Nilesh Gupta, Meredith Van Harn, Evelyn R. Barrack, Prem-veer Reddy, Clara Hwang About half of the patients treated with docetaxel in the setting of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are non-responders. Therefore, a marker of response would be beneficial for clinical decision-making. We evaluated class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin) expression as a predictor of resistance in this setting, which previously has been correlated with lack of...
by James R. Hagerty, Emmitt R. Jolly Schistosomes are obligate helminths responsible for over 218 million cases of human schistosomiasis in 78 countries around the world. Infection occurs when free-swimming cercariae penetrate human skin and initiate developmental progression into parasitic obligate worms that consume red blood cells. Transcriptomic studies of infectious cercariae reveal abundant mRNAs associated with energy metabolism and host invasion. However, the cercaria is mostly transcriptionally...
by Leslie M. Stevens, Yuan Zhang, Yuri Volnov, Geng Chen, David S. Stein The extraordinarily strong non-covalent interaction between biotin and avidin (kD = 10−14–10−16) has permitted this interaction to be used in a wide variety of experimental contexts. The Biotin Acceptor Peptide (BAP), a 15 amino acid motif that can be biotinylated by the E. coli BirA protein, has been fused to proteins-of-interest, making them substrates for in vivo biotinylation. Here we report on the construction and...
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by Xavier Dagenais-Lussier, Hamza Loucif, Hugo Cadorel, Juliette Blumberger, Stéphane Isnard, Mariana Gé Bego, Éric A. Cohen, Jean-Pierre Routy, Julien van Grevenynghe, for the Montreal Primary Infection Study Group The loss of Memory CD4 T-cells (Mem) is a major hallmark of HIV-1 immuno-pathogenesis and occurs early during the first months of primary infection. A lot of effort has been put into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this loss, yet they still have not been fully identified....
by Maryia Karpiyevich, Sophie Adjalley, Marco Mol, David B. Ascher, Bethany Mason, Gerbrand J. van der Heden van Noort, Heike Laman, Huib Ovaa, Marcus C. S. Lee, Katerina Artavanis-Tsakonas Plasmodium parasites are the causative agents of malaria, a disease with wide public health repercussions. Increasing drug resistance and the absence of a vaccine make finding new chemotherapeutic strategies imperative. Components of the ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like pathways have garnered increased attention...
by Ludmila Perelygina, Min-hsin Chen, Suganthi Suppiah, Adebola Adebayo, Emily Abernathy, Morna Dorsey, Lionel Bercovitch, Kenneth Paris, Kevin P. White, Alfons Krol, Julie Dhossche, Ivan Y. Torshin, Natalie Saini, Leszek J. Klimczak, Dmitry A. Gordenin, Andrey Zharkikh, Stanley Plotkin, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Joseph Icenogle Rubella viruses (RV) have been found in an association with granulomas in children with primary immune deficiencies (PID). Here, we report the recovery and characterization...
by Derek W. Trobaugh, Chengqun Sun, Nishank Bhalla, Christina L. Gardner, Matthew Dunn, William B. Klimstra Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), a mosquito-borne RNA virus, is one of the most acutely virulent viruses endemic to the Americas, causing between 30% and 70% mortality in symptomatic human cases. A major factor in the virulence of EEEV is the presence of four binding sites for the hematopoietic cell-specific microRNA, miR-142-3p, in the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of the virus....
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Alpha A. Fowler III, MD, of Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond discusses development of a mouse model of sepsis and ARDS and the basis for moving evaluation of the effects of high-dose vitamin C in sepsis from the animal model into the CITRIS-ALI trial, a randomized trial with human participants. Recorded at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) 32nd Annual Congress, LIVES 2019, on October 1 in Berlin. Click https://ja.ma/2qJP94f for full trial details. Video used with...
In a 2019 randomized trial, high-dose vitamin C infusion did not reduce organ failure scores at 96 hours or improve biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury at 168 hours in patients with sepsis-induced severe acute respiratory failure in U.S. intensive care units (ICUs). Alpha A. Fowler III, MD of Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond presents findings from the CITRIS-ALI trial at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) 32nd Annual Congress, LIVES 2019, on October 2 in...
Adding noninvasive ventilation to high-flow nasal oxygen after extubation decreased risk of reintubation vs high-flow nasal oxygen alone in patients at high risk of extubation failure. Arnaud Thille, MD, PhD, of the University Hospital of Poitiers, France, presents findings from the HIGH-WEAN Study Group at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) 32nd Annual Congress, LIVES 2019, on October 2 in Berlin. Click https://ja.ma/31Va4OC for full trial details. Video used with permission.
In a 2019 randomized trial, selepressin—a selective vasopressin V1a receptor agonist hypothesized to mitigate sepsis-induced vasodilatation, vascular leakage, and tissue edema because of its absence of V1b- or V2-mediated effects—did not improve vasopressor- and ventilator-free days at 30 days among patients with septic shock. Pierre-François Laterre, MD, of St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain in Brussels, Belgium, presents findings from the SEPSIS-ACT trial at the European...
A woman in her 70s underwent IV thrombolysis followed by endovascular therapy for atrial fibrillation-related embolic stroke. Multiple attempts to recanalize the vasculature were unsuccessful; only the proximal portion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery was recanalized. Post-procedural MRI with perfusion-weighed imaging showed a large (bright) parenchymal hematoma within the right basal ganglia; this video shows sequential source images of the perfusion-weighed imaging showing the bolus...
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In this study, we present inhibitor- and siRNA-based strategies to interfere with autophagic flux in Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1)-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
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AbstractHuman and animal cross-sectional studies have shown that maternal levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) may compromise brain phenotypes assessed at single time points. However, how maternal IL-6 associates with the trajectory of brain development remains unclear. We investigated whether maternal IL-6 levels during pregnancy relate to offspring amygdala volume development and anxiety-like behavior in Japanese macaques. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was administered to...
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Abstract Physical differences between youth and adults, which include incomplete myelination, limited neck muscle development, and a higher head-body ratio in the youth population, likely contribute towards the increased susceptibility of youth to concussion. Previous research efforts have considered the biomechanics of concussion for adult populations, but these known age-related differences highlight the necessity of quantifying the risk of concussion for a youth population....
Abstract Recent advances in stem cell biology, synthetic biology, bioengineering, and biotechnology have included significant work leading to the development of stem cell-derived organoids. The growing popularity of organoid research and use of organoids is widely due to the fact that these three-dimensional cellular structures better model human physiology compared to traditional in vitro and in vivo methods by recapitulating many biologically relevant parameters. Organoids show...
Abstract Tricuspid annuloplasty is a surgical procedure that cinches the valve’s annulus in order to reduce regurgitant blood flow. One of its critical parameters is the degree of downsizing. To provide insight into the effect of downsizing, we studied the annulus of healthy sheep during suture annuloplasty. To this end, we implanted fiduciary markers along the annulus of sheep and subsequently performed a DeVega suture annuloplasty. We performed five downsizing steps in each animal...
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New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
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