• Tumour‐suppressive circRNAs: Mechanisms underlying their suppression of tumour occurrence and use as therapeutic targets

  Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit a covalently closed circular conformation and are structurally stable. Those circRNAs with tumour‐suppressive properties play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis and thus may be used as therapeutic targets of cancers. Here, we review the current understandings of the classification of circRNAs and summarise the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs that have tumour‐suppressive roles in vario

  Cancer Science

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 06:49
• Forkhead box C1 promotes metastasis and invasion of non‐small cell lung cancer by binding directly to the lysyl oxidase promoter

  Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that human forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) plays important roles in tumor development and metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of FOXC1 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis remains unclear. Here, we identified FOXC1 as an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC and showed clear biological implications in invasion and metastasis. FOXC1 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migratio

  Cancer Science

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 02:09
• Reduction in HPV16/18 prevalence among young women with high‐grade cervical lesions following the Japanese HPV vaccination program

  Abstract The Japanese government began human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for girls aged 12–16 years in 2010 but withdrew its recommendation in 2013 because of potential adverse effects, leading to drastically reduced vaccination uptake. To evaluate population‐level effects of HPV vaccination, women aged <40 years newly diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1–3 (CIN1–3), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) or invasive cerv

  Cancer Science

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 01:04
• British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Editorial Board

  Publication date: October 2019Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 57, Issue 8Author(s):

  British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 07:13
• Training Groups

  Publication date: October 2019Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 57, Issue 8Author(s):

  British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 07:13
• bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
• Genetic diversity and thermal performance in invasive and native populations of African fig flies [NEW RESULTS]

  During biological invasions, alien populations can suffer losses of genetic diversity that are predicted to negatively impact their fitness/performance. Using genome sequences, we show that invasive populations of the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus, have lower levels of genetic diversity compared to native populations, and that genetic diversity is lost more in regions of the genome with low recombination rates. However, genetic diversity re

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Genetic signatures of evolutionary rescue by a selective sweep [NEW RESULTS]

  One of the most useful models in population genetics is that of a selective sweep and the consequent hitch-hiking of linked neutral alleles. While variations on this model typically assume constant population size, many instances of strong selection and rapid adaptation in nature may co-occur with complex demography. Here we extend the hitch-hiking model to evolutionary rescue, where adaptation and demography not only co-occur but are intimately

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Inference of population genetic structure from temporal samples of DNA [NEW RESULTS]

  The recent years have seen a growing number of studies investigating evolutionary questions using ancient DNA techniques and temporal samples of DNA. To address these questions, one of the most frequently-used algorithm is based on principal component analysis (PCA). When PCA is applied to temporal samples, the sample dates are, however, ignored during analysis, which could lead to some misinterpretations of the results. Here we introduce a new f

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Accurate in vivo population sequencing uncovers drivers of within-host genetic diversity in viruses [NEW RESULTS]

  Mutations fuel evolution and facilitate adaptation to novel environments. However, characterizing the spectrum of mutations in a population is obscured by high error rates of next generation sequencing. Here, we present AccuNGS, a novel in vivo sequencing approach that detects variants as rare as 1:10,000. Applying it to 46 clinical samples taken from early infections of the human-infecting viruses HIV, RSV and CMV, revealed large differences in

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Inference of coevolutionary dynamics and parameters from host and parasite polymorphism data of repeated experiments [NEW RESULTS]

  There is a long-standing interest in understanding host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics and associated fitness effects. Increasing amounts of genomic data for both interacting species offer a promising source to identify candidate loci and to infer the main parameters of the past coevolutionary history. However, so far no method exists to do so. By coupling a gene-for-gene model with coalescent simulations, we first show that three types of biol

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Microstructures amplify seemingly honest signals in carotenoid-colored tanagers [NEW RESULTS]

  Red, orange, and yellow carotenoid-colored plumages have been considered honest signals of condition. To investigate this interpretation, we comprehensively quantify carotenoid signals in the social, sexually-dimorphic tanager genus Ramphocelus using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) optical modeling, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and spectrophotometry. Males and females within a species h

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Evolution of microbial growth traits under serial dilution [NEW RESULTS]

  Selection of mutants in a microbial population depends on multiple cellular traits. In serial-dilution evolution experiments, three key traits are the lag time when transitioning from starvation to growth, the exponential growth rate, and the yield (number of cells per unit resource). Here we investigate how these traits evolve in laboratory evolution experiments using a minimal model of population dynamics, where the only interaction between cel

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Invasion implies substitution in ecological communities with class-structured populations [CONFIRMATORY RESULTS]

  Long-term evolution of quantitative traits is classically and usefully described as the directional change in phenotype due to the recurrent fixation of new mutations. A formal justification for such continual evolution ultimately relies on the "invasion implies substitution" principle. Here, whenever a mutant allele causing a small phenotypic change can successfully invade a population, the ancestral (or wild-type) allele will be replaced, where

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Major changes in plastid protein import and the origin of the Chloroplastida [NEW RESULTS]

  While core components of plastid protein import (Toc and Tic) and the principle of using N-terminal targeting sequences (NTS) are conserved, lineage-specific differences are known. Rhodophytes and glaucophytes carry a conserved NTS motif, which was lost in the green lineage that also added novel proteins to Toc and Tic. Here we compare the components of plastid protein import and generated RNA-Seq, pigment profile and trans-electron microscopy da

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Microstructures amplify seemingly honest signals in carotenoid-colored tanagers [NEW RESULTS]

  Red, orange, and yellow carotenoid-colored plumages are archetypal honest signals, but their physical basis and true relationship to individual quality are not fully understood. We comprehensively investigate carotenoid signals in the social, sexually-dimorphic tanager genus Ramphocelus using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) optical modeling, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and spectrophoto

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Somatic mutations and genome stability maintenance in clonal coral colonies [NEW RESULTS]

  One challenge for multicellular organisms is maintaining genome stability in the face of mutagens across long life spans. Imperfect genome maintenance leads to mutation accumulation in somatic cells, which is associated with tumors and senescence in vertebrates. Colonial reef-building corals are often large, can live for hundreds of years, rarely develop recognizable tumors, and are thought to convert somatic cells into gamete producers, so they

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Latent information about optimal behaviour forces evolution of noisy signal transduction [NEW RESULTS]

  An open problem in biology is to understand when particular phenotypic adaptation strategies of microorganisms are selected during evolution. They range from random, bet-hedging strategies to deterministic, responsive strategies, relying on signalling circuits. We present an evolutionary model that integrates basic statistical physics of molecular circuits with fitness maximisation and information theory. Besides illustrating when bet-hedging str

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Insects as phyllosphere microbiome engineers: effects of aphids on a plant pathogen [NEW RESULTS]

  Insect herbivores are common in the phyllosphere, the above-ground parts of plants, and encounter diverse plant-associated bacteria there, yet how these organisms interact remains largely unknown. Strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae grow well epiphytically and have been shown to grow within and kill hemipteran insects like the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Aphids are hypothesized to be an alternative host for these epiphytic bacteria

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Invasion implies substitution in ecological communities with class-structured populations [CONFIRMATORY RESULTS]

  Long-term evolution of quantitative traits is classically and usefully described as the directional change in phenotype due to the recurrent fixation of new mutations. A formal justification for such continual evolution ultimately relies on the "invasion implies substitution" principle. Here, whenever a mutant allele causing a small phenotypic change can successfully invade a population, the ancestral (or wild-type) allele will be replaced, where

  bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
• Hsa_circ_0070269 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression through modulating miR-182/NPTX1 axis

  Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Su Xiaotong, Su Jutong, He Hua, Yong Zhan, Liu HaichaoAbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been shown to play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the roles of circRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. In the present study, we identified a novel circRNA (hsa_circ_0070269) was significantly decreased in HCC tissues and

  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:31
• Investigation of candidate molecular biomarkers for expression profile analysis of the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

  Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Guojun Zhang, Hongtao Wang, Ke Zhu, Ying Yang, Jia Li, Huinan Jiang, Zhuogang LiuAbstractMuch progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). However, for adult ALL, there is still a lack of an effective treatment. In the present study, we first used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differenti

  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:31
• Dual roles of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 in the development and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

  Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Yi Lu, Jiansheng Zhou, Jie Zhang, Zhengping Wang, Yaying Yu, Mingyong Miao, Qinghua YaoAbstractPurposeReactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in carcinogenesis, and cellular antioxidant systems are important for detoxifying ROS and reversing oxidant-mediated modifications. Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM) belongs to a family of phase II detoxificati

  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:31
• Picroside II, an iridoid glycoside from <em>Picrorhiza kurroa</em>, suppresses tumor migration, invasion, and angiogenesis <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>

  Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Chenghua Lou, Zhihui Zhu, Xintong Xu, Rui Zhu, Yunjie Sheng, Huajun ZhaoAbstractCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The development of novel anti-cancer agents from natural products is a promising approach to reduce cancer mortality. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities of picroside II (PII) i

  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:31
• Liraglutide improves vascular dysfunction by regulating a cAMP-independent PKA-AMPK pathway in perivascular adipose tissue in obese mice

  Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Fang Han, Ningning Hou, Yongping Liu, Na Huang, Ruiyan Pan, Xing Zhang, Enwen Mao, Xiaodong SunAbstractBackgroundPerivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) attenuates its anti-contractile effect through an endothelial-dependent mechanism that aggravates endothelial dysfunction in obesity. The present study was conducted to explore whether liraglutide could improve

  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:31
• Reversal of drug resistance by JS-K and nitric oxide in ABCB1- and ABCG2-expressing multi-drug resistant human tumor cells

  Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Birandra K. Sinha, Lalith Perera, Ronald E. CannonAbstractDevelopment of resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a significant problem in treating human malignancies in the clinic. Overexpression of ABC transporter proteins, including P-170 glycoprotein (P-gp), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) have been implicated in this multi-drug resistance

  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:31
• PeerJ Computer Science
• Divergent water sources of three dominant plant species following precipitation events in enclosed and mowing grassland steppes

  Understanding of the dynamic patterns of plant water use in a changing environment is one of foci in plant ecology, and can provide basis for the development of best practice in restoration and protection of ecosystem. We studied the water use sources of three coexisting dominant plant species Leymus chinensis, Stipa grandis and Cleistogenes squarrosa growing in both enclosed and mowing grassland in a typical steppe. The oxygen stable isotope rat

  PeerJ Computer Science

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Levels of toothache-related interests of Google and YouTube users from developed and developing countries over time

  Background The preferences of Web users can be influenced by distinct factors of populations. Hence, hypothetically, source-based patterns of health-related Web searches might differ between individuals from developed and developing countries, due to their distinct educational, social, economic, political, cultural, and psychosocial backgrounds. In this context, this study aimed to determine the trends of toothache-related search

  PeerJ Computer Science

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Relationship between tumor size and metastatic site in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: A large SEER-based study

  Objective To analyze the relationship between tumor size and metastatic site in stage IV NSCLC patients. Methods A total of 40,196 stage IV NSCLC patients from 2010 to 2015 were screened by SEER database. Chi-square test was used to compare the characteristics of clinical variables. At the same time, multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the

  PeerJ Computer Science

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Evidence for a non-linear carbon accumulation pattern along an Alpine glacier retreat chronosequence in Northern Italy

  Background The glaciers in the Alps, as in other high mountain ranges and boreal zones, are generally retreating and leaving a wide surface of bare ground free from ice cover. This early stage soil is then colonized by microbes and vegetation in a process of primary succession. It is rarely experimentally examined whether this colonization process is linear or not at the ecosystem scale. Thus, to improve our understanding of the variables invol

  PeerJ Computer Science

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 17:00
• Fly palaeo-evo-devo: immature stages of bibionomorphan dipterans in Baltic and Bitterfeld amber

  Larvae of flies and gnats (Diptera) form a crucial component of many terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in the extant biosphere. Larvae of Diptera play a central role in water purification, matter and energy transfer in riparian ecosystems in rivers, carbon cycling in lakes and forests as well as being major decomposers of dead organic matter. Despite all these important roles, dipteran larvae are most often ignored in palaeoecological studies

  PeerJ Computer Science

  Tue Oct 08, 2019 17:00
• Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology
• Adoption of hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer in private practice: the GenesisCare experience 2014–2106

  Abstract Introduction Cancer Australia guidelines recommend that hypofractionation should be considered for women over the age of 50 years with early breast cancer. GenesisCare is the largest provider of radiation therapy services in Australia. This study aimed to investigate variation in hypofractionation across 4 states encompassing the period when the most recent guidelines had been released. Methods Patients with T1 N0 and T2 N0 bre

  Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 09:19
• American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery
• Coughing as a Side Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation due to Peripheral Stimulation of the Vagus Nerve: Case Report

  The authors describe how severe coughing and breathing issues were caused by a deep brain stimulation (DBS) system due to current induction in the adjacent vagus nerve. A 57-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who received bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS presented with coughing and breathing difficulty when his DBS system was activated. The intensity of coughing was directly related to the amount of stimulation. When the DBS system was t

  American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 01:17
• Posterior Subthalamic Area Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Refractory Holmes Tremor

  Three right-handed patients diagnosed with Holmes tremor (HT), who suffered from pharmacotherapy-refractory tremor, were eligible for unilateral posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation (PSA-DBS). All patients were evaluated with the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS) and Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) before DBS, 6, and 12 months after the PSA-DBS as well as at the last follow-up. In all patients, we observed a signi

  American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 01:16
• International Journal of Psychophysiology
• The Neural Chronometry of Threat-Related Attentional Bias: Event-Related Potential (ERP) Evidence for Early and Late Stages of Selective Attentional Processing

  Publication date: Available online 9 October 2019Source: International Journal of PsychophysiologyAuthor(s): Resh S. Gupta, Autumn Kujawa, David R. VagoAbstractRapid and accurate detection of threat is adaptive. Yet, threat-related attentional biases, including hypervigilance, avoidance, and attentional disengagement delays, may contribute to the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Behavioral measures of attentional bias generally indi

  International Journal of Psychophysiology

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 04:38
• World Neurosurgery
• Flow-Diverter Stent for an Unruptured Aneurysm at the Junction of the Internal Carotid Artery and Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery: Case Report and Literature Review

  Publication date: December 2019Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 132Author(s): Hirotaka Sato, Koichi Haraguchi, Yashuhiro Takahashi, Shunya Ohtaki, Tadakazu Shimizu, Nobuyuki Matsuura, Kazumi Ogane, Takeo ItoBackgroundPersistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), which is a fetal carotid-basilar anastomosis, is the most common embryologic vascular remnant persisting in adults. Aneurysms can arise between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and PP

  World Neurosurgery

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:53
• Complications Associated with Surgery for Thoracic Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

  Publication date: December 2019Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 132Author(s): Alexandros G. Brotis, Anastasia Tasiou, Kostantinos Paterakis, Christos Tzerefos, Kostas N. FountasBackgroundA systematic review and network meta-analysis (Prospero ID CRD42018106936) were performed.ObjectiveThe selection of the appropriate surgical approach for the management of thoracic disc herniation (TDH) is often challenging because of the frequency and variabil

  World Neurosurgery

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:53
• Novel Use of Dual-Lumen Catheter for Irrigation and Drainage After Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma

  Publication date: December 2019Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 132Author(s): Diem Kieu Tran, Peter Tretiakov, Julia Brock, Jefferson Chen, Sumeet VaderaBackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is an intracranial pathology most commonly affecting elderly patients. Patients may present with worsening headache, seizures, weakness, balance and gait problems, and memory deficits. Even in patients undergoing hematoma evacuation, there is a substan

  World Neurosurgery

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 05:53
• Head and Neck
• Illuminating biological pathways for drug targeting in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

  Related ArticlesIlluminating biological pathways for drug targeting in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0223639 Authors: Choonoo G, Blucher AS, Higgins S, Boardman M, Jeng S, Zheng C, Jacobs J, Anderson A, Chamberlin S, Evans N, Vigoda M, Cordier B, Tyner JW, Kulesz-Martin M, McWeeney SK, Laderas T Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a morbid di

  Head and Neck

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 04:25
• The Effect of the Modified Jaw-Thrust Maneuver on the Depth of Sedation During Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.

  Related ArticlesThe Effect of the Modified Jaw-Thrust Maneuver on the Depth of Sedation During Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019 Oct 15;15(10):1503-1508 Authors: Park D, Kim JS, Heo SJ Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVES: The modified jaw-thrust maneuver (MJTM) during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is known to predict the treatment effect of mandibular advancement devices. However, its

  Head and Neck

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 04:25
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children With Autism.

  Related ArticlesObstructive Sleep Apnea in Children With Autism. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019 Oct 15;15(10):1469-1476 Authors: Tomkies A, Johnson RF, Shah G, Caraballo M, Evans P, Mitchell RB Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) referred for polysomnography (PSG) and to look for predictors of obstructive sleep ap

  Head and Neck

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 04:25
• Temporal Association Between Respiratory Events and Reflux in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.

  Related ArticlesTemporal Association Between Respiratory Events and Reflux in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019 Oct 15;15(10):1397-1402 Authors: Xavier SD, Eckley CA, Duprat AC, de Souza Fontes LH, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Patrocínio J, Tridente D, Lorenzi-Filho G Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis th

  Head and Neck

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 04:25
• The prognostic value of faciogenital dysplasias as biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

  Related ArticlesThe prognostic value of faciogenital dysplasias as biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biomark Med. 2019 Oct 09;: Authors: Ma C, Li H, Li X, Lu S, He J Abstract Aim: This present study aims to investigate the prognostic value of FGD genes for predicting the overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) patients. Materials & methods: Clinical informa

  Head and Neck

  Thu Oct 10, 2019 04:25
• Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer
• Message from the new Editor‐in‐Chief

  Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer

  Wed Oct 09, 2019 04:19
• NeuroReport - Published Ahead-of-Print